Deuterated internal standards are very commonly used. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange can happen only if the deuterium is attached to a hetero atom. If the hydrogen substituted by deuterium are attached to the carbon atom then there should be no issues.
The deuterated standard should be ideally be same as the nitrosamine except that some of the hydrogens can be replaced by deuterium. Hence the physicochemical properties would be similar but the molecular weight will be different and hence can be separated on your LCMS or GCMS system using any mass based scan or MRM modes.
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